Technical Specifications
1. General Information
- Product Name: Boron Nanopowder
- Chemical Symbol: B
- Purity: ≥ 99.9%
- Particle Size: 100 nm
- Form: Fine nanopowder
- Color: Dark gray to black
2. Chemical Composition
- Elemental Composition: Boron (B) ≥ 99.9%
- Impurities: Trace amounts of oxygen, carbon, and other elements depending on the synthesis method
- Moisture Content: ≤ 0.5%
3. Physical Properties
- Particle Size Distribution: Approximately 100 nm with a narrow size distribution
- Surface Area: 50-150 m²/g (varies based on processing)
- Density:
- Bulk Density: 2.34 g/cm³
- Tap Density: 1.80 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 2,076°C
- Boiling Point: 4,000°C
- Thermal Stability: High thermal stability up to its melting point
- Crystalline Structure: Predominantly amorphous with possible crystalline phases depending on synthesis method
4. Morphological Characteristics
- Shape: Primarily spherical or near-spherical nanoparticles
- Agglomeration: Tendency to agglomerate; may require dispersants or surface treatments for uniform distribution in applications
- Surface Morphology: High surface area with potential functional groups depending on processing and functionalization
5. Handling and Storage
- Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place away from oxidizing agents and moisture
- Packaging: Typically available in sealed, moisture-resistant containers to prevent contamination and moisture absorption
- Safety Precautions:
- Avoid inhalation of fine dust particles; use appropriate respiratory protection
- Wear protective gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing during handling
- Handle in a well-ventilated area or under an inert atmosphere if necessary
- Prevent exposure to open flames or high temperatures due to high reactivity
6. Regulatory Compliance
- Standards: Complies with relevant material safety standards such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) and RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)
- Certifications: May vary based on manufacturer; ensure compliance with local and international regulations as applicable
7. Synthesis Methods
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Produces high-purity nanoparticles with precise control over size and morphology
- Plasma Synthesis: Utilizes plasma reactors to create ultrafine boron nanoparticles with high purity
- Laser Ablation: Employs high-energy lasers to ablate bulk boron, forming nanoparticles in a controlled environment
- Sol-Gel Processes: Involves transitioning a solution into a solid gel phase, allowing for fine control over particle size and distribution
8. Functionalization
- Surface Treatments: Can be functionalized with various chemical groups to enhance compatibility with different matrices or to impart specific properties such as hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity, or catalytic activity
- Dispersants: May require the addition of dispersing agents or surfactants to prevent agglomeration in composite materials and ensure uniform distribution
Applications
1. Aerospace and Defense
- Rocket Propellants: Utilized as a high-energy fuel additive in solid rocket propellants to significantly enhance performance and increase specific impulse.
- Thermal Protection Systems: Employed in advanced heat shields and ablative materials due to its exceptional thermal stability and resistance to extreme temperatures.
- Armor Materials: Incorporated into lightweight and high-strength armor systems for enhanced protection against ballistic threats and projectiles.
2. Energy Storage and Conversion
- Battery Materials: Used in next-generation battery technologies, including lithium-ion and boron-based batteries, to improve energy density, cycle life, and overall performance.
- Fuel Cells: Acts as a catalyst support or active material in advanced fuel cells, enhancing efficiency, durability, and power output.
- Supercapacitors: Utilized in the development of high-performance supercapacitors for energy storage solutions requiring rapid charge and discharge cycles.
3. Composite Materials
- Reinforcement Agent: Incorporated into polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices to significantly enhance mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, wear resistance, and thermal stability.
- Lightweight Structures: Used in the fabrication of lightweight and robust composite materials for automotive, aerospace, and sporting goods applications, contributing to fuel efficiency and performance.
4. Electronics and Semiconductors
- Semiconductor Manufacturing: Serves as a dopant or additive in the production of semiconductor devices, improving electrical properties, thermal management, and device performance.
- Conductive Inks: Utilized in the formulation of highly conductive inks for printed electronics, flexible circuits, wearable devices, and transparent conductive films.
- Nanoelectronics: Employed in the development of nanoelectronic components, including transistors, sensors, and memory devices, leveraging its unique electrical properties.
5. Chemical Industry
- Catalysts: Acts as a highly efficient catalyst or catalyst support in various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation, polymerization, and oxidation processes, enhancing reaction rates and selectivity.
- Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Employed in the deposition of boron-containing films and coatings for protective, decorative, and functional purposes in various industrial applications.
- Nanocatalysts: Utilized in the creation of nanocatalysts for specialized chemical processes, offering high surface area and active sites for improved catalytic performance.
6. Biomedical Applications
- Bioactive Coatings: Used in medical implants and devices to improve biocompatibility, promote bone growth, and prevent bacterial infections, enhancing the longevity and functionality of implants.
- Drug Delivery Systems: Explored as a component in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for targeted therapy, controlled release of pharmaceuticals, and improved bioavailability of therapeutic agents.
- Diagnostic Imaging: Utilized in the development of advanced diagnostic imaging agents, enhancing contrast and enabling more precise medical imaging techniques.
7. Nanotechnology and Research
- Nanocomposites: Fundamental component in the development of nanocomposite materials with tailored properties for specific applications, such as enhanced mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, or thermal management.
- Research and Development: Extensively used in academic and industrial research to study the properties and potential applications of boron at the nanoscale, including its electronic, thermal, and mechanical behaviors.
- Quantum Computing: Investigated for potential applications in quantum computing components, leveraging its unique electronic properties and interactions at the nanoscale.
8. Environmental Applications
- Water Treatment: Investigated for use in advanced adsorption processes to remove contaminants, heavy metals, and pollutants from water, thereby improving water quality and safety.
- Pollution Control: Utilized in the development of materials designed to capture or neutralize harmful substances in industrial emissions, contributing to cleaner air and reduced environmental impact.
- Catalytic Degradation: Employed in catalytic systems for the degradation of organic pollutants and hazardous waste, promoting environmentally friendly waste management solutions.
9. Defense and Military
- Explosives and Pyrotechnics: Used in the formulation of high-energy explosives and pyrotechnic devices, enhancing their performance, stability, and controlled energy release.
- Sensors and Detection Systems: Incorporated into advanced sensor technologies for the detection of chemical, biological, and radiological agents, improving the responsiveness and accuracy of defense systems.
- Stealth Technology: Utilized in materials and coatings designed for stealth applications, reducing radar cross-section and enhancing concealment capabilities.
10. Industrial Manufacturing
- Abrasives: Employed in high-precision abrasive materials for grinding, cutting, and polishing applications due to its superior hardness and durability, enabling efficient material processing.
- Additive Manufacturing: Utilized in advanced 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes to create complex components with enhanced material properties, such as increased strength, thermal resistance, and electrical conductivity.
- Surface Coatings: Applied as a component in surface coatings to improve hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion protection of industrial machinery and tools.
