Silicon Nanowires for Li-ion Battery Anode, Dia: 100-200nm, Length: >10um, Purity: 99%

Technical Specification:

1. Material Composition:
   • Chemical Formula: Silicon (Si).
   • Purity: ≥99% (sufficient for advanced battery applications).
2. Physical Properties:
   • Diameter: 100–200 nm (nano-scale size for enhanced performance).
   • Length: >10 µm (elongated structure for improved contact and electron pathways).
   • Aspect Ratio: High aspect ratio ensures large surface area and efficient lithium-ion interaction.
3. Morphology:
   • Uniform, elongated nanowires with minimal aggregation.
   • High porosity and interconnected network potential for robust anode structures.
4. Electrochemical Properties:
   • Theoretical Capacity: ~4,200 mAh/g (significantly higher than traditional graphite anodes).
   • Cycling Stability: Improved when combined with binders, coatings, or composite structures.
   • Charge/Discharge Rates: Supports fast charge/discharge cycles due to the nano-scale structure and enhanced lithium-ion transport.
5. Thermal and Chemical Stability:
   • Stability in lithium-ion battery electrolytes with proper surface passivation.
   • Enhanced resistance to structural degradation through advanced composite designs.

Applications:

1. Primary Applications:
   • Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Batteries:
     • Silicon nanowires serve as high-capacity anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
2. Industries:
   • Electric Vehicles (EVs):
     • Increases battery energy density, extending driving range for EVs, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs).
   • Portable Electronics:
     • Powers advanced devices like smartphones, laptops, and wearables with longer battery life.
   • Energy Storage Systems (ESS):
     • Applied in renewable energy storage solutions requiring high capacity and cycling performance.
3. Advantages for Applications:
   • High Capacity:
     • Silicon’s high theoretical capacity (~4,200 mAh/g) significantly outperforms traditional graphite (~372 mAh/g).
   • Nano-Scale Benefits:
     • Enhanced lithium-ion transport and shorter diffusion pathways for faster charging/discharging.
   • Structural Integrity:
     • Nanowires accommodate volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cycles, reducing mechanical degradation.
   • Lightweight:
     • Suitable for lightweight, high-performance battery designs in aerospace and defense applications.
4. Specialized Uses:
   • High-Performance Batteries:
     • Suitable for premium applications such as aerospace, medical devices, and high-end portable electronics.
   • Silicon-Carbon Composites:
     • Often combined with carbon materials to improve cycling stability and conductivity.
   • Solid-State Batteries:
     • Used in solid-state designs where advanced interfaces improve overall performance.
5. Challenges and Mitigation:
   • Volume Expansion:
     • Silicon can expand by ~300% during lithiation, leading to structural degradation.
       • Solution: Use nanowire structures that better accommodate volume changes, combine with binders, or use surface coatings.
   • Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE):
     • High irreversible capacity during the first cycle.
       • Solution: Pre-lithiation techniques or optimized electrolyte additives can improve ICE.
   • Conductivity:
     • Intrinsic conductivity of silicon is low.
       • Solution: Integrate with conductive materials like graphene or carbon black.

Summary:

Silicon Nanowires (Diameter: 100–200 nm, Length: >10 µm, Purity: 99%) are a cutting-edge material for lithium-ion battery anodes, offering significantly higher capacity compared to traditional graphite. Their nano-scale structure mitigates challenges such as volume expansion and enhances fast charge/discharge performance. Silicon nanowires are crucial in advancing battery technologies for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage systems, providing longer runtimes and higher energy densities.