Electrolyte Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) for Lithium-ion Battery Research Development, 1 Kg in Stainless Steel Container

Technical Specification:

1. Chemical Composition:
   • Chemical Formula: LiPF₆
   • Molecular Weight: 151.91 g/mol
   • Appearance: White crystalline powder or dissolved in liquid solvent for battery applications.
2. Solubility:
   • Highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
   • Used in mixed organic solvents to form the electrolyte solution.
3. Purity:
   • High purity ≥99.9% (battery grade) to minimize impurities that could degrade battery performance.
4. Thermal Stability:
   • Decomposition Temperature: ~200°C
   • Decomposes to produce HF and PF₅ under extreme conditions; careful handling and proper additives improve stability.
5. Electrical Conductivity:
   • Contributes to high ionic conductivity in lithium-ion batteries (typical range: 8–12 mS/cm at room temperature in solution).
6. Electrochemical Window:
   • Wide electrochemical stability window of 0–4.5 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), compatible with common cathode and anode materials.
7. Compatibility:
   • Commonly used in combination with electrolyte solvents and additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) to improve performance.
8. Handling:
   • Hygroscopic and sensitive to moisture; must be stored in an inert atmosphere (e.g., argon or nitrogen).
   • Typically supplied in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption.

Applications:

1. Primary Applications:
   • Electrolyte in Lithium-Ion Batteries:
     • LiPF₆ is the most widely used lithium salt in commercial and research-grade lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
2. Industries:
   • Battery Research and Development:
     • Used to study new electrode materials, electrolyte formulations, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
   • Electric Vehicles (EVs):
     • Powers high-performance batteries for EVs, plug-in hybrids, and electric bikes.
   • Portable Electronics:
     • Essential in smartphones, laptops, tablets, and wearable technology.
   • Grid Energy Storage:
     • Applied in renewable energy storage systems for load leveling and backup power.
3. Advantages for Applications:
   • High Ionic Conductivity:
     • Enables efficient lithium-ion transport, enhancing battery performance.
   • Stable Electrochemical Properties:
     • Ensures compatibility with a wide range of electrode materials, including high-voltage cathodes.
   • Improves SEI Layer Formation:
     • Plays a key role in forming a stable and protective SEI on the anode, improving cycle life.
4. Research Use Cases:
   • Solid-State Batteries:
     • Serves as a baseline for comparing novel solid-state electrolyte systems.
   • Additive Testing:
     • Investigating new additives to enhance thermal stability and cycling performance.
   • High-Voltage Battery Development:
     • Used in research on advanced cathodes operating at >4.2 V.
5. Limitations and Mitigation:
   • Moisture Sensitivity:
     • Requires stringent moisture control to avoid hydrolysis, which produces HF and degrades battery components.
     • Can be mitigated with proper storage and moisture scavenging additives.
   • Thermal Stability:
     • Decomposes at elevated temperatures; additives improve thermal resistance.

Summary:

Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) is a critical electrolyte salt in lithium-ion battery development. Its high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and compatibility with organic solvents make it indispensable for research and commercial applications. Despite challenges such as moisture sensitivity and thermal stability, its role in enhancing battery performance and enabling cutting-edge technologies in energy storage is unparalleled.